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Determination of breathing that regulates brain function and its application:

Breathing is a fundamental action of life support in mammals. Breathing can change sensitively and intensively during different situations in daily life. Breathing oscillations couple with perception and actions. Sports and martial arts, such as boxing, and Kendo and Sumo fighting, are known to recruit breathing-associated actions. Japanese expression "Aun's breathing" indicates that people are in sync with each other or when people are attuned to each other. It is likely that breathing can be involved in a special "attunement" shared between self and others and between human and nature.

A growing body of research proposes that breathing exercises, such as Yoga and Zen meditation, can provide stress reduction. In relation to breathing, allostasis is an feedforward action and highlights as a key concept for life support and mind principles (together with free energy principle).

Have you heard about the reason why respiration has "dual innvervation" involuntarily and voluntarily? Is the voluntary function of breathing necessary? Are there any special role for voluntary respiration?

To determine these roles, we use two dimensional, human and mouse approaches, both of which can compensate the merits and demerits each other. Our recent findings have brought essential roles for respiration during "online brain states", such as salience, attention, memory encoding and retrieval (see Nakamura et al., Cereb Cortex Commun, 2022; Nakamura et al., Nat Commun, 2023). These findings have been introduced with articles and video clips in 16 languages, including Japanese, English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, Estonian, Ukrainian, Arabic, and Chinese (News video clip: https://cheddar.com/media/study-how-you-breathe-can-affect-memory).